PAST PERFECT

The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past.

The past perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "had" with the past participle.

Structure

Example:


      A:     I had finished my work.
   
      N:     I had not finished my work.

      Q:     Had I finished my work?

UNIT 6

Description of people

       angry :     feeling or expressing annoyance, animosity, or resentment; enraged.

i    

        in  a hurry:  rush ,urgency or eagerness.

    

     noisy:   making a loud or constant noise.

     patient:   tolerant; understanding.

c      

    cheerful: having a happy disposition; in good spirits.

        

       careless: unconcerned in attitude or action; heedless; indifferent (to).

12/08/2015

What is the difference between Gerunds and Infinitives?

Gerunds

To describe the purpose of SOMETHING ,use for + gerund.

Infinitives

To describe the purpose of SOMEONE,use an infinitive.

EXERCISE

I used the iPod to listen to music.

 iPod is used for listening to music.

Common verbs that can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in meaning

•   
• begin
• continue
• hate
• intend
• like
• love
• prefer
• start

Common verbs that are followed by an infinitive

• 
  
• afford
• agree
• appear
• arrange
• ask
• care
• decide
• demand
• expect
• fail
• forget
• 
  
• hope
• learn
• manage
• mean
• offer
• plan
• prepare
• pretend
• promise
• refuse
• 
  
• 
  
• remember
• seem
• stop
• volunteer
• wait
• want
• wish
• 
  
• 
  

Common verbs that are directly followed by a noun or pronoun and then by an infinitive

• 
  
• advise
• allow
• ask
• cause
• challenge
• command
• convince
• expect
• forbid
• force
• 
  
• hire
• instruct
• invite
• order
• pay
• permit
• program
• remind
• teach
• tell
• urge
• 
  
• 
  
• want
• warn

Common verbs and phrases that are followed by a gerund

• advise
• avoid
• be used to
• can’t help
• can’t stand
• consider
• deny
• discuss
• dislike
• end up
• enjoy
• feel like
• finish
• forget
• get used to
• give up
• go on
• have difficulty
• have problems
• have trouble
• imagine
• it’s no use
• it’s worthwhile
• keep
• look forward to
• mention
• mind
• miss
• recommend
• remember
• quit
• spend time
• stop
• suggest
• understand
• waste time
• work at

July, Wednesday 29, 2015

                 Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. 

What are Gerunds?

A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be made into a gerund.

.

• Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a sentence when used as a subject:  

Jogging is a hobby of mine

• Gerunds can act as an object following the verb:

Daniel quit smoking a year ago.

• Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition:

I look forward to helping you paint the house.

Note: The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds.

What are Infinitives?

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.

Infinitives can be used as:

• an object following the verb:

Jim always forgets to eat

• a subject at the beginning of a sentence:

To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.

• an adverb modifying a verb:

You promised to buy me a diamond ring.

• an adjective modifying a noun:

Tara has the ability to succeed.

Unit 5 Gotta have it!

Vocabulary

Item  that we use everyday:

•  Entertainment
•  Getting information
• Allow communication

Camera digital -------> take photos/ record videos

E-book reader ------------->device used to read books

                                   

Headset -------> headphones

Smartphone ---------->Mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform

Satellite radio ------->radio service that is emitted from the satellite radio and a higher quality sound

Portable DVD player -----play your movies and music 

GPS ------->system that allows worldwide determine the location of an object

Laptop -------->mobile personal computer